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The prove_transaction function generates Halo 2 zero-knowledge proofs for all Orchard actions in the transaction.

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About Orchard Proofs

Orchard uses the Halo 2 proving system which:
  • Requires no trusted setup (unlike Groth16 used by Sapling)
  • Builds the proving key programmatically (no downloads)
  • Provides recursive proof composition
The first proof generation takes ~10 seconds to build the proving key. Subsequent proofs are fast because the key is cached.

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Function Signature

  • TypeScript
  • Go
  • Kotlin
function prove_transaction(pczt: WasmPczt): WasmPczt

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Basic Usage

  • TypeScript
  • Go
  • Kotlin
// Generate proofs (includes building proving key if not cached)
const provedPczt = t2z.prove_transaction(pczt);

// Verify proofs were added
const info = t2z.inspect_pczt(provedPczt.to_hex());
console.log('Has proofs:', info.has_orchard_proofs);

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Pre-building the Proving Key

To avoid the ~10 second delay during transaction construction, pre-build the proving key at app startup:
  • TypeScript
  • Go
  • Kotlin
// At app startup
if (!t2z.is_proving_key_ready()) {
  console.log('Building Orchard proving key...');
  t2z.prebuild_proving_key();
  console.log('Proving key ready');
}

// Later, proving is fast
const provedPczt = t2z.prove_transaction(pczt);

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Utility Functions

FunctionDescription
prebuild_proving_key()Build and cache the proving key
is_proving_key_ready()Check if proving key is cached

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Browser Considerations

In browser environments, proving can block the UI. Consider:

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1. Show Loading State

setLoading(true);
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 50));  // Let UI update

const provedPczt = t2z.prove_transaction(pczt);

setLoading(false);

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2. Use Web Workers

For a non-blocking experience, run proving in a Web Worker: 
// worker.ts
import * as t2z from '@d4mr/t2z-wasm';

self.onmessage = (e) => {
  const pcztHex = e.data;
  const pczt = t2z.WasmPczt.from_hex(pcztHex);
  const proved = t2z.prove_transaction(pczt);
  self.postMessage(proved.to_hex());
};

// main.ts
const worker = new Worker('worker.ts');
worker.postMessage(pczt.to_hex());
worker.onmessage = (e) => {
  const provedPczt = t2z.WasmPczt.from_hex(e.data);
};

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3. Pre-build at Startup

Build the proving key while the user is entering transaction details: 
// Start pre-building immediately
const keyPromise = new Promise(resolve => {
  if (!t2z.is_proving_key_ready()) {
    t2z.prebuild_proving_key();
  }
  resolve();
});

// When user submits, wait for key if needed
await keyPromise;
const provedPczt = t2z.prove_transaction(pczt);

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Parallel with Signing

Proving and signing are independent — they can run in parallel: 
// Run in parallel
const [signedPczt, provedPczt] = await Promise.all([
  signAllInputs(pczt),
  proveTransaction(pczt)
]);

// Combine results
const combined = t2z.combine([signedPczt, provedPczt]);
If you’re the same party doing both signing and proving sequentially, the combine step isn’t needed — just do them in sequence on the same PCZT.

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Performance

OperationTime (first run)Time (cached)
Build proving key~10 secondsN/A
Generate proof~1-2 seconds~1-2 seconds
Performance varies by:
  • CPU speed
  • Number of Orchard actions
  • Browser vs native runtime

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Verifying Proofs Were Added

const info = t2z.inspect_pczt(provedPczt.to_hex());

if (info.has_orchard_proofs) {
  console.log('✓ Orchard proofs generated');
  console.log(`  Actions: ${info.num_orchard_actions}`);
} else {
  console.log('○ No proofs yet');
}

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Common Errors

The proving process failed. This is rare but can happen if:
  • The PCZT is malformed
  • Memory constraints in browser
Try refreshing and rebuilding the PCZT.

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Next Step

After proofs are generated (and all inputs are signed), proceed to finalization to extract the raw transaction.